Ten Problems

Therein
The
There
He
Her
Here
Therein
Herein
Ere
Rein
In
I

To Jar A, add one red marble. To Jar B, add the remaining 99 marbles. You now have 100% chance of drawing a red marble if you pick Jar A, and about 49.5% chance of drawing a marble if you pick Jar B, for an overall 75% chance of drawing a red marble.

The two children row to the opposite shore. One gets out and the other brings the boat back. One soldier rows across; the soldier gets out, and boy returns with boat. Thus it takes four crossings to get one man across and the boat brought back. Hence it takes four times 358, or 1432 journeys, to get the officer and his 357 men across the river and the children left in joint possession of their boat.

The garden bed must have been 14 ft. long and 10 ft. in width.

At most, three socks is needed to ensure that you have a matched pair.

Mount Everest was always the highest mountain, regardless of human discovery.

You took four, so you have four.

Bobby’s mother’s children were April, May and Bobby.

Let’s say the bags are lettered, from A to J. Then, take one bar from A, two bars from B, three bars from C, etc. All ten bars from J would be measured. In total, 1+2+3+…+10=55 bars are massed.
If all the gold bars were genuine, the mass would be 55 x 1 = 55 kg. But one bag is counterfeit, and the mass would be less. Depending on how much less than 55 kg the bars weigh, you can tell which bag contains the counterfeit gold bars. That is, if the bars weigh 54.9 kg, then only one bar is counterfeit, and you know Bag A contained the counterfeit gold bars.